The revolution was nearly complete. Only Taiwan, Hainan Zhoushan and Wanshan remained under the control of the KMT government, but the Communist forces have five million men controlling all of China and Mao was practically established as China's leader. Three months ago the People's Republic of China was proclaimed and within a month, Mao and his loyal right-hand man, Zhou Enlai, went off to their powerful friend and ally: Joseph Stalin. After two months of touring the USSR, the two men arrived at the Kremlin, the beating heart of the world revolution.
The two men were elated to arrive, but Stalin, paranoid and cautious by nature, had his doubts. Were they truly marxists, reliable allies? Or were they Chinese nationalists with only a communist façade. He did not know, but he intended to find out during the discussions. The Chinese leaders and their entourage were guided to the conference room and sat down in front of Stalin and Molotov, ready to discuss the nature of the future cooperation.
A natural exhange of greetings took place between the four, and with that the plans for the future could be drafted. Mao Zedong started,
"Judging from the current situation, we believe that we should strengthen our existing friendship using the help of treaties and agreements. This would resonate well both in China and in the international arena. Everything that guarantees the future prosperity of our countries must be stated in the treaty of alliance and friendship, including the necessity of avoiding a repetition of Japanese aggression. So long as we show interest in the prosperity of our countries, one cannot rule out the possibility that the imperialist countries will attempt to hinder us"
Zhou Enlai listened patiently, translating the Chairman's thick Hunanese accent into an eloquent Russian.
Listening patiently, Marshal Stalin took a drag of his pipe. It was a hallmark move of his, as he took time to think of what he would say during it. China had suffered tremendously at Japan's hands, and he knew it was a very heavy subject for the Chinese delegation. However, the American, British and French were a much bigger threat. He had to present this in a way that would not offend them...
"Yes, indeed, yes. A clause for the mutual defense of our nations against Japan is necessary. But the way I see it, the threat from the Anglo-Saxon nations and France is a much bigger one. They hold Indochina, Hong Kong, Malaya, Borneo. Furthermore their noose is around the necks of Southern Korea and your brethren in Taiwan, too. We should prioritize accordingly."
Listening patiently, Marshal Stalin took a drag of his pipe. It was a hallmark move of his, as he took time to think of what he would say during it. China had suffered tremendously at Japan's hands, and he knew it was a very heavy subject for the Chinese delegation. However, the American, British and French were a much bigger threat. He had to present this in a way that would not offend them...
"Yes, indeed, yes. A clause for the mutual defense of our nations against Japan is necessary. But the way I see it, the threat from the Anglo-Saxon nations and France is a much bigger one. They hold Indochina, Hong Kong, Malaya, Borneo. Furthermore their noose is around the necks of Southern Korea and your brethren in Taiwan, too. We should prioritize accordingly."
Chairman Mao nodded in agreement. The people of Asia were oppressed by the colonial regimes, and he sought to see the shackles of imperialism lifted from China's neighbours.
"True. All are host to the military bases of the imperialists, and this is not something we can sit by and abide. The traitorous Chiang Kai-Shek has requested the assistance of the Americans in prolonging the life of his regime. Comrade Ho Chi Minh, in his fight for the liberation of Indochina, currently faces a grave threat from the French. And Comrade Kim Il-Sung rightfully worries over the continued occupation of the so-called South Korea. There are threats on all sides..."
"And we must deal with them all", Stalin responded. "And we can deal with them all. Our nations are the two largest on the face of the earth, and almost 40% of the world's population live within our borders. Surely, together we are an invincible force. I may bloat, but I say the USSR's military is the strongest on earth. And if you don't believe me..." Stalin laughed and took a drag of his pipe. "...Ask the Polish. In any case, we must be prepared for anything. The enemy must be evicted from Indochina, China, and Korea alike so that our states are secure. The Americans are full of themselves and their stupidity knows no bounds. Your army, which has liberated China, needs the finest weapons it can get. And as do our comrades in Korea and Vietnam..."
Zhou Enlai took his turn to speak, "I am currently overseeing the reformation of China's five million men alongside General Peng Dehuai. He has expressed the idea of reforming the People's Liberation Army into one much like the Red Army, as you possess the most modern and professional of all communist militaries." With a small smile he sipped his water.
"Then how would you feel about not only Soviet aid in reorganising the PLA, but also getting modern equipment from the USSR? Our heavy tanks and fighters should aid tremendously in defending China from foreign agression."
"Your generosity knows no bounds. How may we thank you, comrade?"
"There is no need to. We are both interested in containing foreign enroachment. We can't ask payment in any form, as we are in this fight together. And we need to have some way of countering the American air force."
"The People's Liberation Army Air Force possess 10,000 men, and have successfully shown their worth since the summer of 1949 using captured aircraft from the Kuomintang.", Chairman Mao responded. "Their spirits are strong, and they are willing to use all their might for the defence of China and our socialist brothers."
Zhou Enlai added on, "China however lacks aeromanufacturing plants, as much as we would like to supplement the PLAAF. Perhaps if we exceed expectations during our first Five-Year Plan, we may soon have such plants in by 1954. Would the Soviet Union be willing to offer assistance in our recovery?"
"I think that assistance could be offered. However, for now, we can give you a production run of MiG-15s. These planes are capable of countering any enemy bomber aircraft, and the PLAAF will surely make good and skilled use of them. We are willing to train them all, obviously. And of course, other planes can be given. I believe that an air force is vital to military success, and since China's military success in Taiwan and other places is vital to liberating Asia from the imperialist yoke, we can not charge your country, ruined fter so many years of war, anything. In fact, is there economic aid aside from purely military aid that you need in rebuilding? We would happily provide."
"Again, I must express my immense gratitude," replied Zhou Enlai with a humble smile, as he reached into his pocket and displayed a written report for the Five Year Plan. "For the duration of the first Five Year Plan, 151 industrial enterprises are to be constructed throughout China. It would be of immense benefit if the Soviet Union is willing to procure both equipment, and your experienced specialists. Technical documentation for such projects would be most helpful too as we struggle to find our own two feet in the world again."
He glided his finger down the report, giving further explanations of the projects involved. "Military factories would be beneficial for the transformation of the People's Liberation Army into a modern military force. General Peng Dehuai has been interested in whether Soviet cadres and experts would be available to assist with such a monumental task."
He looked up to Marshal Stalin. "What are your thoughts on providing such assistance?"
Stalin heard the plans and responded with a confident tone. "We could help with technical and material assistance. We have our own needs to attend to, too, but I can promise extensive aid in the development of both civilian and military industrial plants. We can give a very favourable rate on Soviet steel, amongst other things, as Chinese steel plants develop."
Zhou nodded understandingly. "By no means do we wish to impede the Soviet Union's own construction of a socialist utopia. We happily accept the offered assistance." He folded up the plans and slipped them back into his pocket.
Mao leaned forward, opining another idea. "Many of the CPC's members came into touch with the ideals of socialism during the Chinese academic programmes to France, in the 1920s." He gestured towards Zhou. "Comrade Zhou is one such student, and Comrade Deng Xiaoping is another high-ranking member whose socialist principles were born from the studies in France. Thousands of our most ambitious revolutionaries have been inspired by such programmes. We are wondering if it would be possible to send abroad Chinese students and interns, to learn from Soviet schools and factories."
Listening carefully, Stalin nodded. "Yes, of course. Instead of only the theory, it would be great for Chinese students to see it applied into practice. For the military manufacturing in particular, I suggest Chelyabinsk. I think the name 'Tankograd' argues for that.
Mao chuckled at the city's title. "You shall become known as a teacher of the Chinese people. Socialists from all over the world may learn much from your example."
"The world shall tremble", Stalin said in reference to Napoleon, "For China has awoken. Now you remember the ultimatum we sent to the British and Americans concerning aid to the French in Indochina...Britain has sent aid. We can not stand idly by. To what degree, Comrade Mao, is your army able to assist the Vietnamese revolutionaries?"
The Chairman's face lit up. "Our army has been assisting our Vietnamese brothers since the March of 1946. The Vietnamese Advanced Infantry School and Cadre Training Center in North Vietnam has boasted 870 Chinese advisors since 1947, and with the victory upon the mainland, further funding may easily able to reach our comrades in Vietnam."
Stalin acknowledged this and took a drag of his pipe. "It sounds like the comrades in Vietnam shall soon have a field day."
Mao smirked at the comment. "Certainly. I expect comrade Ho shall be in further contact with our nations with the arrival of British aid... Let us ensure he too gets further aid. We're more than happy to allow Soviet supplies pass through China to reach our fellow socialists."
Stalin gestured he wanted to say something as he was smoking. "You have more contacts than we do. If you would supply us with a place where we can "Donate" some leftovers to, we'll bring it there. Your army can do the rest. So, on another issue. Korea. What do you say we should do about this?"
The Chinese delegation glanced at one another quickly. It was Zhou who spoke. "The Koreans are also our socialist brothers, and it is only natural that we deliver as much aid as we can. However we must be careful over provoking the United States further. With General MacArthur's recent show of support to the reactionary regime in Taiwan, can we be assured that he won't deliver similar support to south Korea should Comrade Kim act so soon?"
"I don't like gambling", Stalin spoke, "But we can make a gamble. South Korea's defenses are...Poor. The Kuomintang still controls a sizeable army. I say that if you retake whatever they have on the mainland and Hainan, then position yourselves as if you were to attack Taiwan. Force the Americas to focus on Taiwan. And then..." Stalin slammed his fist into the palm of his hand. "We'll walk straight over them in Korea."
Mao nodded with a grin. "A wise plan, comrade. The PLA Taiwan Invasion Force is currently on standby in Fujian. A small amount of reinforcement to their numbers shall be enough to spook the imperialists. The rest of the Kuomintang territories are easy pickings." He waved a hand dismissively. "Their defences upon Zhoushan and Wanshan may easily be blasted by our artillery before a quick assault. As for Hainan, the Communist Qiongya Column numbering in the thousands is conducting a local insurgency campaign upon the island. Combined with the support of the people, and perhaps a naval invasion - or air invasion, if you would be so kind - and Hainan is easily liberated." The Chairman looked confident at his plans for wiping out Chiang's forces.
Zhou nodded in agreement with Mao, turning to Stalin. "How strong would you estimate the Korean People's Army to be?"
Stalin took a puff of his pipe and seemed to be thinking. "I estimate roughly 150,000 soldiers to be at comrade Kim's command, as well as 242 tanks, 150 of which are T-34s. Artillery and air support is present. They are trained and have practiced with them. Meanwhile, no such military activity has been registered on the Southern side. It's an easily takeable plans, but that makes me think. What if we take Taiwan now? The US will turn South Korea and Japan into their highly militarised bases, but South Korea can be invaded easily. By land. This allows us to arm the Korean People's Army even further and make them ready for a complete invasion of the south with vastly superior Soviet equipment. Let's just say it's a fitting destination for Poland's stocks."
Mao contemplated Stalin's idea, scratching his chin in thought. "The KPA would certainly become an even stronger force within, say a year, if it were to recieve such assistance and time than if it were to attack now." He nodded. "The invasion of Taiwan, however, may proves tricky with the U.S. Seventh Fleet. What do you propose?"
This is where Stalin's calculating nature showed. "I...I am torn. It's tricky, with the seventh fleet patrolling, but who knows how long they will do it? I say, we give Chiang Kai-Shek no rest, we repaint Soviet aircraft to make them look like they are Chinese, they shall be flown by experienced Soviet pilots. Does the PLA have paratroopers?"
Zhou Enlai finished sipping his glass. "Soon. As part of General Peng's plans, the 89th Division has been selected by the Central Military Commission to form the basis of an airborne unit. Battle hardened soldiers shall be merging with the division." He placed the glass upon the table. "I am confident that with intensive training, they shall be a model airborne unit."
"Good. To distract the seventh fleet the Pacific Fleet shall take action. Prepare the Taiwan invasion force, train as many paratroopers as you can, and we shall discuss this again soon, when the time is due. Word of this shall never leave the Kremlin. I can't wait to see it happen. Any ideas for a date?"
"I believe that should training begin now, our airborne unit shall be ready by March - and at optimum condition by April, May. As part of our military assistance, would you be willing to allow your own veteran paratroopers assist with our training programme?"
"Of course. I think that a squadron of MiG-15s can also be dispatched seeing that we need to prevent the imperialists of getting anything worth of information. Would that be it?"
Mao replied, "For the time being, I believe so. Comrade Stalin, let me thank you for your generosity. Our only further request is that you will remain willing to assist us in the future as we forge our People's Republic into a true socialist paradise! Shall we leave comrades Zhou and Molotov to finalise the draft of our treaty?"
"Comrade Mao, I feel insulted that you asked me! How could I not?" Stalin showed some genuine emotion for the first time in the meeting: A smile. "Yes, comrades Zhou and Molotov shall finalise the draft. The champagne shall be prepared for this momentous event!"
Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
14th February, 1950 said
ARTICLE 1
Both Contracting Parties undertake jointly to adopt all necessary measures at their disposal for the purpose of preventing the resumption of aggression and violation of peace on the part of Japan or any other State that may collaborate with Japan directly or indirectly in acts of aggression. In the event of one of the Contracting Parties being attacked by Japan or any State allied with her and thus being involved in a state of war, the other Contracting Party shall immediately render military and other assistance by all means at its disposal.
The Contracting Parties also declare their readiness to participate in a spirit of sincere cooperation in all international actions aimed at ensuring peace and security throughout the world and to contribute their full share to the earliest implementation of these tasks.
ARTICLE 2
Both Contracting Parties undertake in a spirit of mutual agreement to bring about the earliest conclusion of a peace treaty with Japan jointly with other Powers which were allies in the Second World War.
ARTICLE 3
Each Contracting Party undertakes not to conclude any alliance directed against the other Contracting Party and not to take part in any coalition or in any actions or measures directed against the other Contracting Party.
ARTICLE 4
Both Contracting Parties, in the interests of consolidating peace and universal security, will consult with each other in regard to all important international problems affecting the common interests of China and the Soviet Union.
ARTICLE 5
Each Contracting Party undertakes, in a spirit of friendship and cooperation and in conformity with the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for the national sovereignty and territorial integrity and noninterference in the internal affairs of the other Contracting Party, to develop and consolidate economic and cultural ties between China and the Soviet Union, to render the other all possible economic assistance and to carry out necessary economic cooperation.
ARTICLE 6
The present Treaty shall come into force immediately after its ratification; the exchange of instruments of ratification shall take place in Peking.
The present Treaty shall be valid for thirty years. If neither of the Contracting Parties gives notice a year before the expiration of this term of its intention to denounce the Treaty, it shall remain in force for another five years and shall be further extended in compliance with this provision.
As the treaty's terms were approved of by the party leaders, they toasted with their foreign ministers and other members of the delegation to the birth of the alliance between the USSR and China. While merely a formality, the political system trembled as the world learned of this treaty. Little did anyone who was not in that room know that there were much, much more serious implications to this treaty.
Summary:
-The USSR and China have signed a friendship treaty in which the USSR shall help the development of Chinese industry.
-The USSR becomes the driving force in the PLA's re-armament, and special attention will be given to the KPA as well.
Secret(!):
-The USSR and China together have prepared a rough plan for the invasion of Taiwan as direct military support is given to the PLAAF and the development of paratroopers.
-To counter British aid, the Chinese shall increase the volume of supplies given to the Viet Minh, backed up by the Kremlin.