Name: The United Colonies of Luna (UCL)
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Population: Around 4 million (Hard to bring and keep people on the moon)
History :
About 3 months before the fate of Humanity had been discovered, NASA had started work on safe and efficient ways to bring Humans and infrastructure to the moon, which was also the USA playing catch-up with China's
Project Omicron. 'Project Luna' was the name scientists had dubbed it. Eventually the had worked out the safe part, but it was terribly inefficient. They had sent up about 200 people along with basic industrial modules when the US government shut down Project Luna. It had cost too much and frankly been a waste of money, and they saw no profit in using the unoccupied, abundant land to get a boost in US production. Yes, if it went through there could be many, many factories on the moon that could ship massive amounts of goods back, but the initial fee was just too high.
Then, suddenly, Humanity knew it would die. It knew their entire system would die, from forces beyond their control, and even beyond their knowledge mostly. A group of people that raided NASA headquarters found the cancelled Project Luna. The 200 residents of the moon were still up there, having enough modules and water that they could sustain themselves. The group decided to restart the project, outside of government control. They created a worldwide website to advertise their cause: There's open land on the moon not owned by any oppressive government, where you can go live and research a way to save humanity! They were known as Luna Corp. and people from all over the world, mostly renowned scientists, came to settle a large colony and the moon where they could conduct research away from governments and distractions (Like riots and wars). State-Of-The-Art machinery and labs were also shipped up, along with the necessities- Gardens (Very few of them, sometimes have food shortages), and ports where water is shipped in weekly from Earth (It is shipped from a large 'floating city' that sails the oceans on an undisclosed path that no one knows.).
Soon there were a million people on the moon. They formed a highly intellectual society on the moon and called it Luna. Once Luna Corp had built their floating city there was a stable supply coming into Luna. Water shipped in weekly, people and modules sent in monthly. On Luna Corp's floating city (strangely name since it was hardly a city- no one lived there except Luna Corp officials) was: A launch pad, where rockets were launched; A runway, where Luna Corp could fly out to get colonists and supplies; And a big hose that sucked up water from the oceans and then purified the salt water(The oceans aren't going to be here in a couple generations, so why not take advantage?).
While there was little to no crime on Luna, it was soon obvious there needed to be a government of some sort to sort out arguments and generally keep the place in order. A few individuals formed a group called the United Colonies of Luna, which filled the power vacuum. Although the UCL was accepted by all colonies on Luna, it was a generally weak government for various reasons: 1. The colonists came to Luna to escape oppression and limits to their research, even the ones who formed the UCL. 2. Many people wondered, 'Why them? Who gave them permission to settle our disputes?' 3. The general population was afraid of the government because it was funded by the Luna Corp and they feared if they rebelled against the UCL they would lose their water.
Today, Luna has become a more or less thriving research and industrial port, while lacking the ability to make their own water. Their food problem was actually fine the the populous, because they wanted new tools and gadgets and could last a few days or a week with only a few meals if it meant new modules faster. Other than their dependency on Luna Corp for food and water, the UCL is very independent. Along with research to save humanity, they have started a side project on building ships that would take 5 year journeys to get ice from the rings of Saturn and return, making them self-sustained, because now they could even make their own modules from Luna(Although it takes longer and is less efficient than receiving modules from Luna Corp).
Geographical location: The Moon
Current governmental stability: Unstable
Resources : Established Industrial Infrastructure, Poor Farmland, Advanced Technological Industry, Bureaucratic Instability (<-- I hope that there's a typo for this, you said increase construction time instead of decrease)
Treasury (Max 120 billion of whatever currency you use.):About 60 Billion Luna Credits