The Falkland Exchange

Article I. The United Republic shall cede the Falkland Islands and Heligoland to the Kingdom of Prussia
Article II. In Exchange the Kingdom of Prussia shall cede all territories of Prussian India to the United Republic.
Article III. Both signatories shall recognize the land as under the sovereignty of the respective nations.
Article IV. Signatories will be allowed to maintain a naval and military base in all of the lands ceded regardless of the ownership of said land. No treaty or selling of this land shall be made to the prejudice of this article.

[X] Gladstone, British Prime Minister
[X] King William, Kingdom of Prussia

The Indian Purchase

Article I. Portugal will cede the entirety of their colonial holdings in India to the United Republic of Great Britain and Ireland.
Article II. The United Republic of Great Britain and Ireland will send £2000 to the Portuguese Empire.

[X] Gladstone, British Prime Minister
[X] - King Luís I of the Kingdom of Portugal

Events of the World: 1867

Europe
Following the example of many other nations, the United Republic embarked on a plan to transition it's navy into a fully metal fleet.
(-£10,000, -30 ships-of-the-line, +5 ironclads, +5 ironclads in 1 turn, +5 ironclads in 2 turns, +5 ships-of-the-line to Argentina, +10 ships-of-the-line to Prussia)

Under Gladstone administration, the government was streamlined and unnecessary costs were cut down.
(-£130, increased income)

The University of Eve was founded, intended to be a sister school to Le Grand Université d'Adam in France. Costs were higher than expected.
(-£400, +5% education rate)

The French government formed the Canadian Confederation, making Canada a dominion of France. The land in the north-west was claimed by the government as a result of this, with the natives having little say in the matter.
(-£100, +4% public support, increased land)

Attempts were made to increase the industrial output of Canada. Factories were built over rich sources of coal, with emphasis placed in the west.
(-£540, +1 industry sublevel)

Treaties with Argentine, Scandinavia, Greece, Portugal, and Prussia were ratified by the French government. Particular focus was on a joint Franco-Prussian project to produce a new rifle.
(-£2,330, +4% education rate, -£300 to Prussia, +4% equipment to France, +4% equipment to Prussia, +£1,000 to Portugal, increased income to Greece, +4% equipment to Argentina)


French soldier with a Chassepot rifle

Shipyards began producing new vessels. However, progress was not as quick as was hoped.
(-£9,000, +5 ships-of-the-line, +8 screw frigates)

The Prussian government received the ships from Britain with gratitude - and then proceeded to strip them down and rebuild them as ironclads. More ships were built alongside, as Prussia strove to be the dominant naval force in the world.
(-£23,000, -10 ships-of-the-line, +5 ironclads, +5 ironclads in 1 turn, +10 screw frigates, +10 screw frigates in 1 turn, +10 transport ships)

Subsidies were given to families with more than four children, in order to encourage higher birth rates.
(-£210, +0.17% population growth)

In Austria, a compromise was made with Hungary, which reorganised the lands of the House of Hapsburg into a proper union between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. The newly renamed Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, or Austria-Hungarian Empire, gave greater independence to minority groups under the Hapsburg crown.
(+5% public support)

Roads and railways connecting industrial areas were improved and expanded, to help facilitate the movement of goods.
(-£490, +1 infrastructure sublevel)

Further attempts to reform education in Austria-Hungary were launched, in order to improve its low literacy and education rate.
(-£200, +6% education rate)

Sweden undertook a plan to modernise its navy, dividing the order up over a number of years in order to prevent Swedish shipyards from being overwhelmed.
(-£18,400, -4 ships-of-the-line, -4 sail frigates, +4 ironclads, +4 screw frigates, +3 transport ships, -3 ships-of-the-line in 1 turn, -4 sail frigates in 1 turn, +3 ironclads in 1 turn, +4 screw frigates in 1 turn, +3 transport ships in 1 turn, -4 sail frigates in 2 turns, +3 ironclads in 2 turns, +4 screw frigates in 2 turns, +3 transport ships in 2 turns, -4 sail frigates in 3 turns, +4 screw frigates in 3 turns)

Factories in Sweden were upgraded and improved, in order to increase industrial output.
(-£520, +1 industry sublevel)

Scandinavian influence over Greenland was expanded, with explorers moving north, and the Swedish government claiming dominion over all of Greenland up to the Arctic circle.
(-£100, increased land)

With assistance from France, the Swedish army received training from French officers, and blueprints for French weapons, which were quickly put to use.
(-£720, +1 army sublevel, +4% equipment)

The government of the Netherlands sponsored the construction of steel factories throughout the kingdom.
(-£530, +1 industry sublevel)

Railways were built to incorporate the Flanders region and connect major Flemish cities with the north.
(-£510, +1 infrastructure sublevel)

Now with a foothold in New Guinea, the Netherlands expanded its influence further east deeper into the foreboding island.

The Russian government launched a nationwide propaganda campaign to encourage nationalism and support for the war.
(-£150, +4% public support)

With a huge number of men serving in the army, the government was forced to offer tax incentives to those willing to work on farms and fields, in order to increase agricultural output.
(-£400, +1 resource sublevel)

The Russian navy began converting sail-powered ships into steam-driven versions.
(-£2,500, -5 sail frigates, +5 screw frigates)

The Romanian Academy, a cultural school, was founded in Bucharest.
(-£290, +4% education rate)

With their part in the war over, Romanian conscripts were disbanded and returned to their everyday lives. As they returned to their farms, an increase in agricultural output resulted.
(Romanian army disbanded, +1 resource sublevel)

Funding was directed into advancing the quality of hospitals and healthcare in Romania.
(-£220, +0.1 population growth)

Greek shipyards began construction on new steam-driven vessels.
(-£1,300, +2 screw frigates)


Greek shipyard at work

Prospecting teams searching for deposits of minerals found a useful vein of iron.
(-£250, +1 resource sublevel)

New factories were built and existing ones expanded in Greece.
(-£550, +1 industry sublevel)

Portugal launched a campaign to root out corruption in the government. Corrupt officials were caught and punished.
(-£200, +3% public support, increased income)

Schools and universities were built throughout Portugal to try and raise the national literacy rate and encourage further education.
(-£210, +5% education rate)

Attempts were made to improve the ties between the Kingdom of Kongo and Portugal. It was mostly successful, with the kingdom supporting Portugal warmly.

The Americas
The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the US Constitution were adopted, giving former slaves US citizenship and the right to vote.
(-£110, +4% public support)



The former Confederate states were gradually remitted back into the Union, after 10% of the voting population had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States.
(-£90, +5% public support)

The Negro Homestead Act was passed; allowing all US blacks to purchase grants of land in Colorado, New Mexico, Washington, Columbia, and Nebraska territories cheaply.
(-£300, +1 resource sublevel)

New ships were ordered by the Colombian government.
(-£1,800, +3 sail frigates)

Industrial output was increased by offering subsidies to investors.
(-£510, +1 industry sublevel)

A university was built in Panama City, hoping to capitalise on the amount of trade and knowledge that goes through the Isthmus.
(-£200, +4% education rate)

The Brazilian army conducted a number of training exercises and drills to improve their efficiency and quality.
(-£500, +1 army sublevel)

Schools were built in cities around Brazil.
(-£180, +4% education rate)

Factories were built in Brazil, with focus in the city of Rio.
(-£500, +1 industry sublevel)

Railways and roads were built linking southern Brazil with the less developed northern part of the country.
(-£510, +1 infrastructure sublevel)

Argentinean army generals began meeting regularly to discuss the state of the military. One of their focusses was improving mobilisation and logistics.
(-£520, +1 army sublevel)

The Argentine government received the ships from Britain and the rifles from France with gratitude, and immediately went to work drilling their troops with the new weapons.

Asia
The Qing army continued to drill to the best of their abilities, preparing for the coming battles.
(-£510, +1 army sublevel in 1 turn)

Factories were erected throughout the country, to try and increase industrial output.
(-£500, +1 industry sublevel)

Coastal cities began to be fortified, with heavy defenses and positions being constructed.
(-£740, coastal defences improved)

With the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the Shogunate came to an official end and imperial rule was formally restored.
(-£80, +4% public support)


Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last Shogun of Japan

The Emperor travelled throughout Japan to encourage national unity amongst his people.
(-£120, +4% public support)

Former shoguns and samurai were offered better positions in the military, putting their martial upbringing to good use.
(-£490, +1 army sublevel)

Countries of the World: 1867

Map not guaranteed to be accurate. Trust the text before you trust the map

To prevent derogating from the peace talks currently ongoing between China and the European powers, the Netherlands and the Qing Empire shall remain at peace. Japan, however, has rebuffed Dutch and Prussian attempts at peace talks, and in doing so has cemented herself as an enemy state of all peace-loving nations, the Kingdom of the Netherlands foremost among them. The Kingdom of the Netherlands hereby issues a declaration of war against the Empire of Japan, in the interest of ending the war in eastern Russia and allowing the region of the Orient to prosper alongside European involvement in the near future.

This past year has seen our Grand Republic make strides in the healing process. I can now proudly look out at the House, the very same House where I sat as Speaker, and look at a full bench with each state in our Union represented. It also warms my heart to see, for the first time in the history of our country, negro representatives and negro Senators. The power to make democratic change, one of the most basic and God given rights to all free citizens, has been bestowed upon the negroes of this country. Suffrage, representatives, and now the truest form of freedom in economic freedom: the Negro Homestead Act can turn those who had to toil as slaves, masters of their own plots of land beholden to no one.

We are united as one, and now the next step is expansion. We must manifest our destiny, this Republic stretched out across the continent with liberty for all. I foresee President Lincoln's prophecy of the sleeping giant coming to pass. Our vast territories in the west will in due time will be filled with citizens and industry, railroad tracks will crisscross this land like veins, ships will carry people to our shores and our goods to the rest of the globe. Our nation shall stride the globe like a colossus. An American Colossus, one that shall go down in history as one of the all time greatest nations this world has ever seen. Our Founders predicted it, as did Lincoln. Bold words that require even bolder action. This transformation shall not occur in our lifetimes, but is our duty to start this change. This is why I will use the last remaining year of this term as president to see that this nation looks to the west, where our future and destiny lie.

-- Schuyler Colfax, US President addressing Congress

---

Republican National Convention Meet in Chicago
Pres. Colfax, Gen. Grant Front Runners for Nomination
Washington Post Headline

---

I was among General Grant's most fervent supports during the war, his style and tactics were not without their detractors, but he was the man we needed to put down the rebels. He was a great leader in war, but war is over. We need a man for peace, a man who will ruthlessly enforce that peace. General Grant, in peacetime, has shown to be lax and given to backsliding into less than desirable habits. President Colfax has shown he is more than capable of serving as chief executive, a fact that should prove more appealing to voters than military laurels. I would rather vote for a known quantity like President Colfax than an enigma like Grant. To endorse General Grant for President is to endorse the fickle nature of politics. Think of the hard work of the last few years, the amendments and hard work that we have done for the negro. We need a Radical Republican president or all that hard work shall be for nothing. I would sooner die than see those acts repealed by an uncaring and disinterested chief executive!

Republican Representative Thaddeus Stevens on the Convention Floor

---

Grant Receives Republican Nomination
General Elected on Third Ballot, Adams Nominated VP
New York Herald Headline

---

Stevens Dies
Penn. Congressman Was Seventy-Six
New York Times Headline

---

I repose in this quiet and secluded spot
Not from any natural preference for solitude
But, finding other Cemeteries limited as to Race
by Charter Rules
I have chosen this that I might illustrate
in my death
The Principles which I advocated
through a long life;
EQUALITY OF MAN BEFORE HIS CREATOR

-- Thaddeus Stevens Epitaph

Following the failure of peace talks between the Russian and Qing Empires, the Kingdom of the Netherlands is obliged to extend its state of war to include all parties involved in the conflict in Manchuria. It is for this reason that the Kingdom of the Netherlands declares war upon the Qing Empire, in defence of the internationally recognized possessions of Russia in the far east.

It is with a heavy heart that the United Republic of Great Britain and Ireland must declare war upon the Qing Empire and the Empire of Japan. The Japanese Empire has made no movement to accept the talks of peace we offered and though private talks were held with the Qing in Berlin, the nations of Europe and the Qing found ourselves at an impasse. The massive army that the Qing Empire has developed is a danger to the interests of the United Republic in the Orient and the civilized nations of Europe.

We offer one final plea for peace between the Qing and Japanese Empires before they are crushed to dust.

Republica Argentina

His Excellency President Bartolome Mitre addresses supporters at a rally in central Buenos Aires:

"The consolidation of the Argentine nation continues at a rapid pace, I thank all of our people in this great Republic for putting their differences aside in the interest of solidarity for the Argentine state. Serving the people of Argentina for the past 5 years as their President has been my greatest honour. In that time I have managed to unite the warring political factions of our Confederation into one Republic with one national identity. I made a priority of this government the expansion of our population base to stimulate our economy and promote growth. I am proud to say that I championed our policy for free and compulsory education for all school-aged children, for investing in our nation's future is a wise and prudent decision. The state of the economy has been at the forefront of my mind. I have begun what is to be known as an Agricultural Revolution for Argentina which will result in bountiful harvests that we can then use to ensure our people, even the poorest among us, our well fed before we can sell any remaining surplus to regional and overseas markets.

Trade is of such vital importance to our economy that we must be extremely vigilant in rooting out any barriers that might impede our ability to trade. Without income from trade our economy- and thus our society- would collapse. It is for this reason that I come before you again to address the problem we are having with the Republic of Paraguay. President Lopez is a thorn in the side of Argentine progress. His refusal to allow free and unhindered passage of trade goods along the Paraguay and Parana Rivers can no longer be tolerated by the Republic of Argentina.

Our efforts to resolve this dispute diplomatically with the Paraguayan government have failed. We have taken the matter to the Council of South American States for their mediation. The Council has agreed with our proposal that military intervention is necessary to resolve this dispute and bring an end to President Lopez's tyrannical reign.

The Paraguayan people live in constant fear of their brutal, sadistic leader. Lopez rules with an iron fist and any dissenters to his right to rule are put down with summary execution or indefinite imprisonment. The Argentine Republic can no longer stand idly by while this bloodthirsty dictator massacres his own people in his lust for power. He must be stopped.

I, Bartolome Mitre, President of the Argentine Republic, do declare that a state of war now exists between the Argentine Republic and the Republic of Paraguay. I have ordered the mobilisation of the armed forces to commence immediately and an invasion of Paraguayan territory will begin forthwith. We will not rest until free and fair trade is brought to the region and President Lopez is made to pay for his crimes. We will bring justice for the people of Paraguay and only when they are given the right to an accountable and representative government will this conflict be resolved."

Proclamation of the German Empire

As a thunderstorm rolled over the city of Berlin in Prussia, a massive gathering of the crowned heads of Germany assembled, asking for audience with the Prussian King. Hundreds of them, many of whom had been deposed, came together, to bring forth a simple question to the Prussian King. The only Crowned Head, or family of them, or even representative, were the former ruling family of Hanover, which opted to stay in the Netherlands, ignoring any and all attempts of other German representatives to come to Berlin.

The issue at hand, was the threat of Radical Republicanism. While many thought it would be nothing more than the flare up in 1848, this proved to be much more deadly. With several Dukes, Kings, and other rulers deposed and replaced with Republicans, old issues about Prussian domination of Germany, or previous alliances with the former Austrian Empire, no longer seemed to matter. These families, all having their own nation to rule, wanted protection, first and foremost. If they could hold on to their crown, and enter into a greater nation, it would be better than losing all of their power.


Proclamation of the German Empire in Berlin

While the rain clouds still hung overhead, when King Wilhelm I, along with Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, formally accepted the offer, the clouds parted, allowing the sun to shine through. It was at a little after noon, March 1867, that the German Empire, under King Wilhelm I, was proclaimed in Berlin.

The Kingdom of Prussia, while still existent, quickly and almost immediately, seemed to disappear from the world stage. All references and mentions of it quickly changed to the German Empire. King Wilhelm I was also proclaimed to be Kaiser Wilhelm I, Emperor of the German Empire, and King of Prussia.

The U.S.-German Pact

Article I. The United States of America hereby recognizes the unified German Empire as the successor to the Kingdom of Prussia, and affords the Empire all diplomatic courtesy and freedom the former Prussian Kingdom had with the United States.

Article II. The Empire of Germany and the United States of America grant each other Most Favored Nation Status for the purpose of creating thriving economic trade between both countries.

Article III. Both nations agree to begin an officer exchange program. Every other year one hundred (100) U.S. Army officers at the ranks of First Lieutenant or higher will spend a year in Germany taking part in drills and training with members of the German Imperial Army while one hundred (100) German Imperial Army offices with the rank of Oberleutnant or higher will spend a year in the United States taking part in drills and training with members of the United States Army.

[X] Kaiser Wilhelm I, German Emperor
[X] Schuyler Colfax, US President

Treaty of Tbilisi

[X]Tsar Alexander II, King of Poland, and Grand Prince of Finland

Rijseen Agreement

1. The great powers of the United Republic of Great Britain and Ireland, the French Empire and the German Empire shall hereby reduce all tariffs and other such trade barriers in place with the Kingdom of the Netherlands to be consistent with the lowest of the barriers placed between either of the three aforementioned great powers and each other; this shall be enacted so as to ensure equal Dutch participation in trade with all great powers of Europe, thereby ensuring economic loss among all great powers should conflict erupt that changes the economic relationship between either of the great powers and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and therefore allowing trade with the Kingdom of the Netherlands to benefit each of the great powers equally in times of peace.

2. All signatories hereby agree that in times of domestic dispute wherein the great powers of Europe must settle a matter between each other that is relevant to Europe as a whole, the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall act as the neutral facilitator of the resolution of the dispute, and shall bear the responsibility to hold the conference wherein the dispute is to be resolved and ensure a secure and mediatory atmosphere; this shall be enacted so as to ensure consistency in such resolutions, and prevent dispute as the contents of the methodology of their discussion.

[X] Kaiser Wilhelm I of the German Empire

[X] Prime Minister Gladstone of the United Republic of Great Britain and Ireland

[X] Emperor Napoleon III of the French Empire

[X] King William III of the Netherlands

Anglo-Austrian Peace Agreement

Article 1: In the interest of promoting friendly relations following a short period of hostility between the nations of Austria-Hungary (then the Austrian Empire) and the United Republic of Great Britain and Ireland, the two signatories hereby agree to exchange military officers for a period of three (3) years. Austria-Hungary will send Army officers to help in the training of the British Army. In exchange, the United Republic of Great Britain and Ireland will send Navy officers to help in the training of the Austria-Hungarian Navy.

Article 2: The signatories agree to promote a state of prolonged friendly relations between the two. Should hostilities arise again, the signatories agree to pursue a peaceful, diplomatic solution and refrain from the use of threats or military force.

Article 3: The signatories may renew this agreement at the end of the three (3) year period.

[X] Kaiser Franz Joseph I of Austria
[X] Gladstone, British Prime Minister

The Seward-La Valette Treaty

Article I. For an annual fee of £250, all ports in the United States territory of Columbia will be open to French merchant shipping with lowered import tariffs. Overland trade routes shall be opened for French importers carrying goods across Columbia to the rest of Canada.

Article II. The treaty shall remain intact for a period of ten years, upon which all nations involved shall renegotiate the terms for renewal of the treaty.

[X] - Emperor Napoleon III of the Second French Empire.
[X] - President Schuyler Colfax of the United States of America
[X] - Sir John Alexander Macdonald, Prime minister of The Canadian Confederation.

Outbreak of the Paraguayan War

In the 1860s, the Republic of Paraguay was in a good condition. The government under López was extremely protectionist, and its stable trade, high tariffs, and policy of never accepting overseas loans meant that the nation had avoided the debt faced by other South American nations. Militarily, the Paraguayan army was well trained, and the local Ybycuí foundry supplied high quality munitions and cannons, keeping the Paraguayan army well equipped. Many saw this military build-up as proof of López' expansionist goals. In 1868, the Argentine Republic decided to take action.

Under the command of President Bartolome Mitre himself, who had experience leading troops, the Argentine army crossed the Paraguayan border and marched up the banks of the Paraguay River, making steady but slow progress. When news of the invasion reached Asunción, López was quick to order the mobilisation of the Paraguayan army. The army, under the command of much-acclaimed José E. Díaz, met the Argentine force near the town of Pilar, about mid-way between Corrientes and Formosa. The Paraguayans had numerical superiority, but the Argentinians found support from its navy,which sailed up the Paraguay River in support. The battle raged inconclusively for many hours, until Mitre launched a daring charge into the centre of the Paraguayan position. Initially successful, it brought the Argentinians in reach of Paraguayan cannons, which shelled the Argintinians heavily. Forcing the invaders to retreat, the Paraguayans drove the Argentinians out of Paraguay and back to the city of Corrientes, where the Argentinians dug in. Díaz halted his men before the city, unwilling to press too hard and risk losing the advantage.
(-2,300 regulars to Argentina, -1,700 regulars to Paraguay)


Paraguayan artillery redoubt

Empire Français (French Empire)
Liberté, egalité, fraternité

To my Argentinian friends.
I had prayed your conflict would be quick and bloodless, but your enemy seems more stubborn then we first thought.
To help in your noble quest to stop a dictator, France will continue to send munitions, but must abide by the Monroe Doctrine and so will not be able to send any troops.
I feel you can defeat your enemy swiftly and effectively.
You will defeat them.

- Emperor Napoleon III of the Second French Empire.

The Siberian Campaign

The war in the far east reached a height, as Russian troops arrived at the front lines and enemies piled up against the last two remaining members of the Allied Powers. The lull in the fighting the previous year was forgotten as huge armies and navies manoeuvred clashed in the snows and frigid seas.

The Russian army wintering at the city of Omsk was mobilised to make the final push to the front lines. The Russian forces had been on the defensive on the eastern front since 1865, and they were determined to finally launch a counterattack. They were facing difficult odds - although the Russians were perhaps better trained and drilled, the Qing army had taken huge leaps forward in the last decade, and the technological gap was not as large as the Russians had expected. Worse, the smaller Russian army had marched for miles along the Siberian highway, and it would be difficult for reinforcements to reach them, while the Qing army had much smaller distances to travel. Still, the Russians had God on their side, and they were determined to defeat the godless Qing troops.

Dividing into two forces, a Russian army of 200,000 troops launched an attack in Xinjiang. Opposing them was nearly half a million Qing soldiers. The attack began early one cold morning, with Russian artillery firing upon dug-in Qing positions. Qing defences held, and the Russians were forced to send in infantry. The battle quickly fell into chaos as the two sides clashed, with neither side having any clear idea of what was happening. As night fell, the two sides disengaged. A massive loss of life had resulted, with heavier casualties felt by the Qing troops, but the defenders remained supreme on the battlefield, as the Russian forces withdrew back to camps deeper in Siberia.
(-7,800 regulars, -32,700 conscripts to Russia, -10,500 regulars, -54,400 conscripts to Qing)

The second force of Russians attempted to take back Vladivostok. However, the battle was short lived, as the Russian army of 120,000 was dwarfed by the combined Qing-Japanese army guarding the coast. Russian forces attacked bravely, but there was little hope of them achieving victory.
(-2,400 regulars, -45,500 conscripts to Russia, -4,100 regulars, -37,200 conscripts to Qing, -10,300 conscripts to Japan)

While the Asian troops had held their own on land, on the water it was a different story. The Japanese was the only power in the region with a decent fleet, and even that was smaller in comparison to the meanest Coalition fleet. A naval engagement took place, as the Japanese fleet had been warned of the approaching Coalition fleet by a fisherman. Japanese ships were heavily outgunned, and were forced to rely on the fickle wind, whereas the Coalition was mostly steam driven. Using a thick fog as cover, the Japanese fleet manoeuvred themselves upwind of their enemy, and attacked. Japanese ships scored a few lucky hits, sending Coalition ships to the bottom, and even badly damaging a Dutch ironclad. But the skilled European sailors responded viciously, and won the day. The surviving Japanese fleet retreated to ports on the home isles, and with naval supremacy gained, the Coalition enforced a blockade upon Japan.
(-3 sail frigates, -1 screw frigates to Russia, -1 ironclad, +1 ironclad in 1 turn, -2 screw frigates to the Netherlands, -2 screw frigates to Germany, -3 screw frigates, -5 sail frigates to Japan, Japan blockaded)

A small German force landed on the Japanese island of Shikoku. There were few Japanese troops in the area, and the Germans managed to gain a foothold on the island. However, it was a precarious foothold, and they would be hard-pressed to defend themselves against the Japanese for long.
(-1,200 conscripts to Germany, -2,000 regulars to Japan)

The British, former allies of the Qing, had now turned against them. British officials in India attempted to raise an army in order to attack the Great Qing. However, there was not as great a patriotic sentiment amongst the locals as the British had hoped.
(+120,000 conscripts to Britain)